A cruciate ligament tear is a common orthopedic injury in dogs, affecting the stability of the knee joint and causing pain and mobility issues. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help pet owners provide the best care for their dogs.

What is a Cruciate Tear?

The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is similar to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in humans. It helps stabilize the knee joint (stifle). A tear or rupture leads to joint instability, pain, and lameness.

Causes of Cruciate Tears

  • Degenerative weakening – The ligament weakens over time due to aging or genetics.
  • Trauma or injury – Sudden movements, jumping, or twisting can cause tears.
  • Obesity – Excess weight places additional strain on the joints.
  • Breed predisposition – Larger breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Boxers are more prone to cruciate injuries.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Sudden or gradual lameness in a hind leg
  • Difficulty standing, walking, or climbing stairs
  • Swelling around the knee joint
  • Stiffness, especially after resting
  • Decreased activity and reluctance to play

Diagnosis

A veterinarian will diagnose a cruciate tear through:

  • Physical examination – Checking for knee instability (drawer sign or tibial thrust test).
  • X-rays – Assessing joint inflammation and secondary arthritis.
  • Advanced imaging (MRI or CT scan) – In complex cases requiring detailed evaluation.

Treatment Options

1. Surgical Treatment

Surgery is often the best option for medium to large dogs or those with complete ligament ruptures. Common surgical procedures include:

  • Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) – Alters the knee joint’s biomechanics to stabilize movement.
  • Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA) – Changes the forces within the knee to prevent instability.
  • Extracapsular Repair (Lateral Suture Technique) – Uses a strong suture outside the joint to restore stability (best for small dogs or partial tears).

2. Non-Surgical Management

For small dogs, older pets, or those with partial tears, conservative management may be an option:

  • Strict rest and activity restriction – Limiting movement for several weeks.
  • Pain management – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and joint supplements.
  • Weight management – Reducing excess weight to relieve joint stress.
  • Physical therapy and rehabilitation – Strengthening muscles to support the joint.
  • Bracing – Providing external support to stabilize the knee.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

  • Post-surgery recovery – Includes limited activity, controlled exercises, and physical therapy.
  • Long-term care – Maintaining an ideal weight, joint supplements, and regular exercise to prevent future injuries.
  • Preventing injuries in the other leg – Since many dogs with one cruciate tear may develop issues in the other leg over time.

Final Thoughts

Cruciate ligament tears are a serious but manageable condition. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can greatly improve a dog’s mobility and quality of life. If you suspect your dog has a cruciate injury, consult us for the best course of action.

For more information or to discuss treatment options, contact us at (817)-326-3400 today!